Russia
Source: mid.ru

Question: We are talking about good relations between Russia, China and India. Can these countries form an alliance against US hegemony?

Sergey Lavrov: We never form alliances against anyone and never make friends with someone against others. We have a ramified network of partner organisations established many years ago. I will mention the organisations established after the Soviet Union's disintegration. These are the CIS, the CSTO, the EAEU and the SCO on a broader geopolitical plane. The SCO has established and is developing close ties with the EAEU and as part of the linkage of Eurasian integration projects with the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative. The EAEU and the PRC have signed an agreement. The linkage of these integration projects is embracing more and more territories. Thus, in addition to EAEU-SCO cooperation, these organisations have memorandums on cooperation with ASEAN. The Greater Eurasia project (or the Greater Eurasia Partnership) should embrace the whole of Eurasia. President of Russia Vladimir Putin spoke about this at the Russia-ASEAN summit six years ago. It is based on the processes on the ground and has a Eurasian dimension.

Many countries of the Arab world are interested in establishing partner relations with the SCO that represents all other leading sub-regions of our enormous common continent. These are efforts to build constructive and positive (not antagonistic) alliances that are not aimed against anyone. They are gradually acquiring a global character, which is reflected in the development of the BRICS Five (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Our Saudi friends and Argentina are interested in it. Argentine Foreign Minister Santiago Cafiero expressed his country's desire to become a full member of BRICS.

BRICS is preparing for a regular summit. It will create an outreach format in which a dozen developing nations will take part. These processes are underway. We know that our Western friends have many phobias and complexes of their own superiority and infallibility. But they are also paranoid. The West sees opposition and a threat to its domination in any process in which it does not take part and which it does not control. It is time to get rid of these manners and customs.

Question: What about the recent Russia-China military exercises? What do they show?

Sergey Lavrov: This is the continuation of our cooperation aimed at enhancing security in this region. They supplement regular military undertakings: drills and training sessions with counterterrorism aims, efforts to strengthen the security of our common borders within the SCO. Russia-China bilateral military cooperation already has a long history. This is not the first year that we are holding events in the zone of our common borders where our security interests directly overlap; we do it regularly. They show that both Russia and China have a responsible attitude to fulfilling these tasks.

Russia
Source: mid.ru

Question: At an online meeting of the BRICS foreign ministers, Foreign Minister of China Wang Yi suggested expanding the organisation. He believes it could strengthen the club's influence and contribute to maintaining peace. What does Moscow think of this proposal? Which countries could become potential candidates?

Maria Zakharova: BRICS consistently focuses on expanding cooperation with developing countries and emerging markets, including through such partnership mechanisms as BRICS Outreach and BRICS Plus, which is a dialogue mechanism of cooperation and expanding the Five. This topic is discussed in one form or another at BRICS summits and foreign ministers' meetings. This year, Chinese BRICS Chairmanship proposed to intensify these efforts and we support this initiative.

BRICS expansion is a far-reaching and multi-dimensional issue. It is not as simple as it looks. We are to determine the key parameters of this process, build a consensus within BRICS on the standards, criteria and the accession procedure. All this requires thorough and nuanced internal work within the five member states. It would be premature to disclose details or name potential candidates. The work must be done and accord reached within the format first.

Strengthening the BRICS Outreach and BRICS Plus format as a mechanism of continuous dialogue between BRICS and developing countries and emerging markets deserves equal attention. We praise the expansion of this practice not only to summits but also to other BRICS events. Specifically, we noted interesting and fruitful discussions at the BRICS Plus meeting on May 19, 2022. It was the first meeting of this segment held during a BRICS Foreign Ministers' Meeting.

China
Source: brics2022.mfa.gov.cn

1. On May 17, 2022 BRICS Deputy Ministers/Special Envoys on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) held a video conference under China's Chairmanship, during which, they exchanged views on the current situation in the region as follows:

2. Noted the rising instability and uncertainties that have impacted the region. Stressed that the regional situation bears closely on the security and stability of the world, and that a peaceful and prosperous Middle East and North Africa is in the interest of the whole world. It is important that countries in the region maintain independence and territorial integrity for development of their people. The legitimate security concerns of all sides should be addressed through dialogue and consultation in a coordinated and cooperative manner. Welcomed all the initiatives and efforts by BRICS countries for the development, security and stability in the Middle East and North Africa region.

3. Reaffirmed the commitment of BRICS countries to the basic principle that peace, stability and development in the MENA region should be achieved and sustained in accordance with, and in full respect of international law, including the UN Charter and decisions taken by the UN Security Council.

4. Stressed that ensuring peace and stability in the Middle East and North Africa requires developmental cooperation and integration. Called on the international community to support the regional countries in defeating the COVID pandemic by working together and achieving strong recovery. Emphasized the importance of contributing to post-conflict countries' reconstruction, supporting greater economic diversification in oil producing countries, and assisting other Middle East and North Africa countries in meeting their development goals.

5. Condemned terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, and stressed the importance of upholding the leadership and coordination role of the United Nations and opposing double standards. Emphasized that the United Nations Security Council efforts must be strengthened to counter the threats posed by groups, individuals and entities listed by the UNSC for terrorism links. Concurred that terrorism must not be associated with any religion, nationality, civilization or ethnic group. Reaffirmed the commitment to strengthening cooperation with countries of the region on counter-terrorism and deradicalization.

6. Expressed their deep concern with the recent surge of tensions between Israel and Palestine, and called on the relative parties to exercise restraint to avoid escalation. Stressed that the question of Palestine demands special attention and that the two-state solution achieved through direct negotiations without preconditions remains the internationally recognized basis for the peaceful settlement of the conflict. Reiterated their support for the just cause of Palestinian people to restore their legitimate rights, and for the greater solidarity among all parties of Palestine so as to achieve internal reconciliation. Encouraged Palestine and Israel to resume peace talks based on a negotiated two-state solution, and called on the international community to intensify its efforts in support of a UN-led international peace Conference, with a view to achieving a comprehensive, lasting and just settlement that allows Israel and Palestine to live side by side in peace and security. Stressed that efforts should be made to leverage respective strengths, actively promote peace talks, and to help Palestine contain the COVID pandemic, develop its economy, ease its humanitarian situation and improve its people's welfare. Commend the extensive work carried out by UNRWA to alleviate the humanitarian situation of the Palestinian people and call on the international community to provide developmental assistance to support UNRWA activities in order to enable it to increase its reach amongst the Palestinian community .

7. Stressed that the key to solving the Syrian issue is to follow the "Syrian-led, Syrian-owned, UN-facilitated political process" steered by the UNSC, respect Syria's sovereignty and territorial integrity, and to support the role of the UN as the main channel of mediation. Emphasized the importance of upholding the Syrian political process of reconciliation and inclusiveness, giving priority to people's livelihoods and accelerating early recovery projects. Took note of the rapprochement between Arab countries and Syria and supported all the efforts conducive to the political resolution of the Syrian issue. Supported the efforts of the United Nations Special Envoy for Syria and the work of the Constitutional Committee.

8. Emphasized their firm support for Lebanon's efforts to safeguard stability, security, sovereignty, political independence and territorial integrity, as well as Lebanon people's rights to pursue a development path suited to their national conditions. Opposed interference in Lebanon's domestic affairs and called on the international community to continuously provide assistance to Lebanon without political conditions, in order to help Lebanon restore political, social and economic stability as soon as possible. Welcome the recent staff-level agreement signed between the Government of Lebanon and IMF to take all necessary measures and undertake long overdue economic reforms to address the severe economic challenges faced by the people of Lebanon. Welcome the timely completion of the parliamentary elections on 15 May.

9.Reaffirmed their support for Yemen's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, and for a political settlement to the Yemeni issue. They called on all parties to engage in inclusive negotiations on Yemen, mediated by the UN, and conveyed appreciation for the efforts of UNSG's Special Envoy in this regard. They welcomed the announcement of a truce between the warring sides of Yemen's conflict and the establishment of the Presidential Leadership Council. Appreciated the positive role of UNSG's envoy, Gulf Cooperation Council and all the relevant parties that contribute to a political solution for the conflict. They reiterated their deep concern about Yemen's humanitarian crisis and encouraged the international community to provide humanitarian assistance to Yemen.

10.Reiterated their firm support for Iraq's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. Supported Iraq in safeguarding national security and stability and fighting terrorism. Supported Iraqi people in their quest for peace, prosperity and development. Opposed of any interference in Iraq's domestic affairs and supported Iraq's efforts to promote economic reconstruction and to play a greater role in regional affairs. Expressed their hope that all parties in Iraq engage in a mutually respectful and inclusive dialogue to achieve lasting stability and prosperity at an early date.

11.Stressed that the situation in Gulf Region is of great importance to the regional and global security and to the global energy supply. BRICS supports deescalating tensions in the region and managing differences among regional countries through dialogue and negotiation to achieve peaceful coexistence. Reviewing proposals and initiatives aiming to maintain peace, security and stability in the Gulf Region, BRICS countries stand ready to strengthen coordination and synergy in this regard.

12.Stressed their support for the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and national unity of Libya. Reiterated their respect for the will and choice of the Libyan people and called on all parties to strengthen consultation and dialogue, refrain from any actions that could undermine the October 2020 ceasefire, reach consensus on the constitutional basis and date for the general election so as to push the country back to the right track of stability and development. Supported "Libyan-led and Libyan-owned" political transition process with UN-led mediation as the main channel and urged the UN Secretary General to appoint a Special Representative for Libya promptly.

13.Expressed the conviction that the Sudanese people have the wisdom and ability to deal with their internal affairs. Encouraged all parties in Sudan to resume dialogue so that the political transition can continue, meeting the fundamental interests of the country and the legitimate aspirations of the Sudanese people. Reiterated their support for joint efforts of the UN, AU, and IGAD to facilitate the dialogue between the Sudanese parties and called on the international community to continue to support Sudan in overcoming the current situation.

14.Agreed to meet again under South Africa's chairmanship of BRICS in 2023. Reiterated the need to hold regular consultations on the Middle East and North Africa on various occasions including the UN, and to hold relevant working-level consultations when necessary.

China
Source: brics2022.mfa.gov.cn

On May 17, 2022, Vice Foreign Minister Deng Li held Video Consultations of Deputy Foreign Ministers/Special Envoys of BRICS Countries on the Middle East Affairs. Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Mikhail Bogdanov, Secretary of the Indian Ministry of External Affairs Ausaf Sayeed, South Africa's BRICS Sherpa Ambassador Anil Sooklalx, and Director-General of the Department of African Affairs of the Brazilian Foreign Ministry attended the meeting.

Participants of the countries exchanged in-depth views and reached broad consensus on the overall situation in the Middle East region, the Middle East peace process, Syria, the Gulf, Iraq, Yemen, Libya and other hotspot issues. All parties agreed that the current international landscape is undergoing complex changes and the situation in the Middle East is undergoing complicated adjustments. BRICS countries need to step up communication and coordination to promote security, stability and development in the Middle East and prevent regional turmoil from undermining international peace. We should promote the political settlement of regional hotspot issues and resolve conflicts and disputes through dialogue. We should advocate multilateralism and support the United Nations in playing a leading role in settling disputes. We should alleviate the regional humanitarian situation, oppose unilateral sanctions and help regional development and recovery. We should take firm actions against terrorist and extremist forces and safeguard common security.

The joint statement was adopted at the meeting, which made the common voice of BRICS countries in jointly defending the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, maintaining peace and stability in the Middle East, and promoting a just and reasonable settlement of hotspot issues.

China
Source: brics2022.mfa.gov.cn

The 2022 BRICS Think Tank Forum was successfully held online on May 17th, co-organized by the Research Center of the Counsellors' Office of the State Council (COSC) and the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation (CAITEC). Under the theme "Foster High-quality BRICS Partnership, Usher in a New Era for Global Development", discussions at the Forum focused on seizing development opportunities, jointly tackling risks and challenges, sustaining the momentum of BRICS cooperation, building a community with a shared future for mankind, and making positive contributions to world peace and development. Zhang Yantong, COSC Vice Chairman, attended the forum and delivered a speech.

Vice Chairman Zhang Yantong said in his speech that BRICS cooperation has become one of the most important multilateral cooperation mechanisms after 16 years of development. BRICS solidarity and cooperation is in line with the development trend of human society and the common expectations of the people of all countries for a better life. China is committed to contributing wisdom and strength to the promotion of BRICS cooperation. The "five principles" put forward by President Xi Jinping have boosted cooperation in five major areas, providing China's perspective for BRICS and the wider international community to tackle challenges, and demonstrating China's responsibility as a major country. BRICS countries will make a stronger voice, put forward more initiatives, play a greater role, and open up a brighter future for the people of the five countries, for the emerging markets and developing countries, and for world peace and development.

CAITEC President Gu Xueming said in his speech that this year is the BRICS China Year. This forum is highly relevant as it focuses on the common interests of emerging markets and developing countries and the future development of BRICS. Despite the flare-ups of COVID-19, geopolitical tensions and worldwide inflation, the foreign trade of BRICS countries has grown rapidly, making an important contribution to the recovery of the world economy. BRICS countries should give priority to high quality economic and trade development, fully unleash the potential for cooperation, jointly safeguard and practice true multilateralism, strengthen cooperation on trade, investment, industrial chain and supply chain, and seize development opportunities in emerging fields, so as to make greater contributions to an open world economy.

About 40 scholars attended the forum, including relevant Counsellors of the State Council, COSC research fellows, experts from the CAITEC, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the China Center for International Economic Exchanges, Beijing Normal University, and China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, as well as academics from the Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) of Brazil, the National Research University Higher School of Economics of Russia, the Observer Research Foundation of India, Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry, the Human Science Research Council of South Africa and the University of Pretoria of South Africa.

Scholars and experts had in-depth exchange and put forward constructive advice and suggestions on the following topics: Push for an economic globalization that is more open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial for all; Deepen cooperation in various fields and building closer and more practical collaboration partnerships, to address common challenges and create a better future; Enhance exchange and cooperation of think tanks in BRICS and deliver "BRICS Proposal" to the world; Pursue mutual learning and expand people-to-people exchange and cooperation.

China
Source: brics2022.mfa.gov.cn

1. The BRICS High-level Meeting on Climate Change was organized virtually on 13th May 2022. The meeting was chaired by H.E. Mr. HUANG Runqiu, Minister of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, and attended by H.E. Mr. XIE Zhenhua, China Special Envoy for Climate Change, H.E. Mr. ZHAO Yingmin, Vice Minister of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, H.E. Mr. Joaquim Leite, Minister of the Environment of the Federative Republic of Brazil, H.E. Mr. Sergey Anoprienko, Deputy Minister of the Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation, H.E. Mr. Bhupender Yadav, Minister of the Environment, Forest and Climate Change & Labor and Employment of the Republic of India and H.E. Ms. Barbara Creecy, Minister of the Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment of the Republic of South Africa.

2. Right now, the world, particularly developing countries, is struggling to recover from multiple challenges, including COVID-19 pandemic, economic crisis and struggling to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. The BRICS High-level Meeting on Climate Change aims to jointly address climate change, explore approaches to accelerate low-carbon and climate resilient transition and achieve sustainable, balanced and inclusive recovery and development.

3. We jointly celebrate the 30th anniversary of the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Convention) and reiterate the commitments to the goals, principles and institutional framework of the Convention and its Paris Agreement. We recall that the adoption of the Convention 30 years ago symbolized the international community's full recognition of the adverse impacts of climate change on nature and humankind, with the Parties taking on commitments to take actions to respond actively within the jointly-established consensus, framework and principles. We reaffirm the role of the Convention and its Paris Agreement as the fundamental legal basis and main channel for international cooperation on addressing climate change, and are committed to promoting the full and effective implementation of the Convention and its Paris Agreement.

4. We reiterate that multilateralism is an important way to address global challenges, such as climate change. All Parties need to adhere to multilateralism and focus on concrete climate actions. We call on all Parties to adhere to the principles of the Convention and its Paris Agreement, including common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances, and to increase mutual trust, strengthen cooperation, implement the Convention and its Paris Agreement in an accurate, balanced and comprehensive way, in accordance with the institutional arrangement of nationally determined contributions, and based on existing consensus. Developing countries require enabling means of implementation support to contribute their best effort.

5. We attach great importance to addressing climate change and highlight that BRICS countries have played an active and leading role in the multilateral process on climate change and contributed greatly to global low-carbon, climate resilient and sustainable development. We recognize that developing countries face more difficulties and challenges in achieving the goals of global carbon neutrality in the context of the world economy recovery, achieving sustainable development goals, including making efforts to eradicate poverty. We have already set forth nationally determined contributions reflecting our highest ambition based on national circumstances and capabilities. We have taken ambitious actions to address climate change within the sustainable development framework and have achieved great progress.

6. China has been implementing proactive national strategies on addressing climate change. On the basis of exceeding the 2020 climate action goal promised to the international community, China has further announced the goal and vision of striving to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060, and scaled up its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) through a series of new measures. By 2021, China's energy consumption intensity per unit of GDP was 26.2% lower than that in 2012, installed capacity of renewable energy exceeds 1 billion kilowatts, and a quarter of the global net increase in green leaf area comes from China. China has communicated updated NDC and Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy, set up the Leading Group on Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality, finalized the top-level design on carbon peaking and carbon neutrality and basically established the "1+N" policy framework for carbon peak and carbon neutrality. China is planning and developing large wind power and photovoltaic bases with an installed capacity of 450 million kilowatts, will actively promote the construction of the national carbon market, step up support for other developing countries in developing green and low-carbon energy, and will not build new coal-fired power projects abroad. China has put forward its Global Development Initiative to accelerate the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which takes climate change and green development as one of its 8 priority cooperation areas.

7. Brazil is fully committed to combating the adverse impacts of climate change. At COP 26, Brazil increased its mitigation ambition, with a new target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 50% by 2030, based on 2005 levels. Brazil announced strategic measures for our 2050 climate neutrality commitment, including zero illegal deforestation by 2028, restoring and reforesting 18 million hectares of forests by 2030, as well as encouraging the expansion of the national rail network. Brazil also joined the Global Pact on Methane and, more recently, announced the creation of the National Program for the Reduction of Methane Emissions – Zero Methane, which will be responsible for generating economic resources through the reduction of methane emissions in the country. Brazil acted decisively to close the Paris Agreement Rulebook and hopes that carbon markets can mobilize more resources and generate a further increase in global ambition to combat climate change.

8. The Russian Federation strongly adheres to the principles of the Convention and the Paris Agreement, consistently pursuing their goals. Russia has announced the achievement of carbon neutrality by 2060. Russia is working on a radical restructurisation of the Russian industry and energy sectors, with 45% of Russia's energy balance already stemming from low-emission energy sources, including nuclear power generation. The Russian Federation intends to increase the utilization of associated gas, implement a large-scale program of ecological modernization and energy efficiency in all sectors of the economy. Russia is creating the infrastructure for the production of hydrogen to be used as a raw material and energy carrier. Recognizing that one of our key objectives is to improve our capacity for adaptation to the climate change and emphasizing that the climate change affects everyone regardless of the political environment, Russia is holding an international conference in St. Petersburg in July 2022 and invites our BRICS partners to participate.

9. India is committed to strong climate actions including promotion of sustainable lifestyles based on mindful consumption and reduction of waste. India has launched policies spanning major economic sectors including, inter alia, energy, transportation and industry, and has made great strides towards meeting and even exceeding its initial NDCs under the Paris Agreement. Emissions intensity of GDP has already reduced by 24% over 2005 levels, indicating progressive decoupling of emissions from economic growth. India has installed 159 GW of non-fossil electric capacity, thereby already achieving its NDC pertaining to 40 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources, almost 8 years ahead of schedule. Subsequently, India has announced enhanced climate commitments including 50 percent of installed electric capacity from non fossil fuel sources to reach 500 GW by 2030, reducing carbon intensity of the economy by 45 per cent by 2030 and to achieve the target of net zero emissions by 2070. Alongside, a National Hydrogen Mission has been launched for generating hydrogen from green energy sources to create alternatives to fossil fuels. India is also striving forward on an ambitious biofuel program that targets 20% Ethanol Blending in Petrol by 2025-26 and 5% blending of Biodiesel in diesel by 2030. India's forest and tree cover is steadily increasing, and 24.62% of its geographic area is under forest and tree cover. India has added 23 wetlands as Ramsar sites in last three years and now has the largest network of Ramsar sites in South Asia. This reflects India's strong efforts in strengthening ecosystem based approaches for combating climate change. Besides ambitious domestic actions for mitigation and adaptation, India is promoting practical, issue based global cooperation as demonstrated by its launch of the International Solar Alliance at COP21. This was followed by launch of a 'Green Grids Initiative - One Sun, One World, One Grid' at COP26, to build a framework for a global cooperation initiative targeted at effective utilisation of renewable sources across the globe and accelerate the mobilisation of technical and financial resources needed to advance action on green grids. India also launched 'Infrastructure for Resilient Island States' (IRIS) under Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) for support to Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in achieving sustainable development through a systematic approach to resilient, sustainable, and inclusive infrastructure.

10. South Africa is making progress on its climate goals. It has established a Presidential Climate Commission, adopted a National Adaptation Strategy, implemented an enhanced Mitigation system with robust monitoring and evaluation, and developed a long-term Low Emissions Development Strategy. South Africa's updated and significantly more ambitious NDC submitted ahead of COP26 brings forward the peaking of its emissions by a decade and contains detailed information on adaptation, which serves as the Country's first adaptation communications, as well as the support South Africa requires from the international community. In line with the letter and spirit of the Paris Agreement, the lower end of South Africa's 2030 updated target emission range is consistent with a 1.5-degree pathway, while the upper end of the range is consistent with a 2-degree pathway. Where South Africa gets to in this range will depend on the international support it receives. South Africa is further developing detailed plans to enable a Just Transition to a low carbon economy and climate resilient society. These plans will locate support for affected workers and communities and will be at the centre of these plans.

11. We welcome the efforts of and express our full support to the incoming Egyptian Presidency of COP27. We are committed to working towards the success of COP27 with all other Parties in an open, transparent, inclusive, Party-driven and consensus-based manner. COP27 should prioritize implementation and highlight the reinforcement of adaptation and the delivery and urgency of developed countries' commitments to provide credible, adequate, predictable, timely, new and additional financial support and technology transfer to developing countries.

12. We underline that developed countries should take the lead in scaling up mitigation actions and ambition and provision of climate financing, and respect the right to development and policy space of developing countries as well as countries in transition. We call for all Parties to focus on implementation actions, faithfully translating their climate goals and visions into implementation policies, measures and actions.

13. We emphasize that improving capacity and securing, appropriate and predictable funding from developed countries for climate change adaptation is the urgent need and priority for developing countries, as is their need for international assistance in dealing with Loss and Damage caused by climate change. We welcome the Glasgow–Sharm el-Sheikh work programme on the Global Goal on Adaptation, underscoring the importance of guiding enhanced adaptation actions and support, which is a contribution towards the global effort to address climate change. Furthermore, we welcome the Glasgow Dialogue to discuss the arrangements for the funding of activities to avert, minimize and address loss and damage associated with the adverse impacts of climate change. We call for the developed countries in Annex II to the Convention to scale-up the support for developing countries to adapt to climate change, enhance their resilience to climate change and come forward with a detailed and explicit roadmap on how the commitment made at COP26 to at least double climate finance for adaptation to developing countries from 2019 levels by 2025 will be realized, as soon as possible.

14. We underscore that the support provided by developed countries in Annex II to the Convention should be commensurate with the climate actions taken by developing countries. The provision and mobilization of resources under the Convention and its Paris Agreement is a responsibility of developed countries towards developing countries. Furthermore, ambition of action needs to be matched with ambition of support to developing countries. We note with deep concern that developed countries in Annex II to the Convention have not yet fulfilled their commitments on climate finance, including mobilizing USD 100 billion per year by 2020. We urge them to fulfill the commitments as soon as possible before COP27, make greater contributions towards setting the new collective quantified goal on climate finance post-2025, and scale up indispensable support to developing countries on finance, technology development and transfer, and capacity-building, to assist developing countries to take climate actions in the context of sustainable development.

15. We are committed to strengthening collaboration on climate change, broadening the areas and deepening the contents of cooperation. We will carry out information exchanges and cooperation at the national, local, industrial and enterprise levels, in multiple fields including clean energy, low-carbon technology, sustainable and resilient infrastructure construction, carbon market and climate change adaptation, jointly promote the policy research on low-carbon green growth, technology cooperation and joint pilot projects. With science and technology innovation being the driver, we will promote the transition and upgrading of energy, resources, industrial structure and consumption structure, jointly exploring pathways for low-carbon and sustainable development. We appreciate the discussions on climate change-related issues within the BRICS framework. We welcome and encourage activities of the BRICS countries to address climate change and sustainable and low-carbon transition.

16. We oppose the politicization of climate change issues and all forms of unilateralism and protectionism, emphasizing that unilateral measures violate the objectives and principles of the Convention and its Paris Agreement, and seriously undermine multilateral cooperation and the ability of the concerned countries to combat climate change. We oppose any measures to restrict trade and investment and setting up new green trade barriers with the pretext of addressing climate change, such as the imposition of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms, which are incompatible with multilateral rules under the World Trade Organization.

17. We encourage all Parties to share specific policies, measures and actions towards climate goals, especially the information on best practices, difficulties and challenges. COP27 needs to represent the turning-point for all Parties to translate existing goals and pledges into concrete actions and work together to address the challenge of global climate change.

China
Source: brics2022.mfa.gov.cn

On 20 May 2022, as the BRICS presidency, China successfully hosted the 8th BRICS Environment Ministers Meeting online with the theme of "Join Hands to Facilitate Green and Low-carbon Development". Mr. Huang Runqiu, Minister of Ecology and Environment of China, presided over the meeting and delivered an opening speech and a keynote address. Environment ministers from all other BRICS countries attended the meeting and delivered remarks including Ms. Barbara Creecy, Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment of South Africa, Mr. Marcus Paranaguá, Secretary of Climate and International Relations of Brazil, Mr. Alexander Kozlov, Minister of Natural Resources and Environment of Russian, and Mr. Bhupender Yadav, Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change of India.

Huang Runqiu recalled the progress made since the first BRICS Environment Ministers Meeting held in 2015, which has become an important platform for BRICS countries to jointly seek solutions to improve environmental governance and tackle global environmental challenges. BRICS environmental cooperation has become a significant and integral part of the international process of advancing global ecological and environmental protection. Adhering to the guiding principles of the leaders' summits, BRICS environmental authorities have always been deepening practical cooperation by enhancing mutual learning, exchanges and dialogues.

Huang Runqiu remarked that the world is now undergoing momentous changes compounded by a pandemic unseen in a century, and new risks and challenges have emerged in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.There is a need to address the global challenges of climate change and environment, and a consensus of the international community to work together to promote green and low-carbon development as well. In the new circumstances, BRICS countries should act closely to deepen environmental cooperation with prominent BRICS features and inject new impetus for green and low-carbon development worldwide. Concerted efforts should also be made to contribute to the attainment of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, and building a community with a shared future for mankind, as well as a clean and beautiful world.

Huang Runqiu noted that under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on ecological civilization, the Chinese government is committed to green and low-carbon development and vigorously advances comprehensive green transition of economic and social development, which generates fruitful results. As the biggest developing country, China has pledged to achieve carbon neutrality after peaking its carbon emissions within 30 years, the shortest period of time across the globe, while firmly pushing forward the industry and energy transition in a green and low-carbon manner. The Chinese government raises its ecology and environment quality by carrying out effective campaigns on pollution prevention and control. With strict supervision on ecosystem conservation and restoration, the natural ecosystem has been constantly improved. Plans of response measures have been developed to strengthen control of new pollutants which have gradually emerged in recent years. China has also been deeply involved in global environmental governance to realize stronger, greener and healthier global development.

Huang Runqiu pointed out that with great potential for environmental cooperation, BRICS countries should further strengthen dialogue and communication to find a new path towards harmonious coexistence between man and nature, foster high-quality partnership and create a bright future for global development. China advocates practicing multilateralism and enhancing coordination on responding to climate change and conserving biodiversity. Practical cooperation should be facilitated to build multi-level and multi-disciplinary cooperation models in areas such as implementing the Partnership for Urban Environmental Sustainability Initiative and carrying out environmental technology exchange. BRICS countries should take the lead in green and low-carbon technological innovation, and, by further sharing green technologies and promoting their application, contribute environmental solutions to developing countries and the world at large.

Delegates from BRICS countries exchanged in-depth views and reached broad consensus on topics including accelerating the green and low-carbon transition, achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, and continuously strengthening cooperation on environment.

The meeting reviewed and endorsed the Joint Statement for the Eighth BRICS Environment Ministers Meeting. The Statement highlights the significance of accelerating the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and demonstrates the agreement and vision of BRICS countries in boosting green, low-carbon and sustainable development. It also urges BRICS countries to step up policy dialogue and joint research, and carry out closer cooperation in the areas of tackling climate change, biodiversity conservation and marine environmental protection.

Delegates from relevant departments of Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China attended the meeting.

South Africa
Source: www.dirco.gov.za

1. At the invitation of His Excellency, Dr Ali Bagheri Kani, the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Her Excellency, Candith Mashego-Dlamini, the Deputy Minister of International Relations and Cooperation of the Republic of South Africa, paid a visit to the Islamic Republic of Iran from 21 to 24 May 2022 to co-chair the 10th Session of the Deputy Ministerial Working Group, as well as to conduct bilateral discussions.

2. During the visit Deputy Minister Candith Mashego-Dlamini paid a courtesy call on His Excellency Dr Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Dr Ensieh Khazali, the Vice-President for Women and Family Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Dr Mehdi Safari, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran responsible for economic affairs.

3. On 23 May 2022, during the 10th Session of the Deputy Ministerial Working Group, both Deputy Ministers expressed their satisfaction at the cordial relationship that exists between South Africa and Iran, emanating from the strong fraternal bonds of friendship built on an historical foundation.

4. The Deputy Ministers further expressed satisfaction with the progress made in implementing the outcomes of the 14th Joint Commission of Cooperation, which was concluded in October 2019 in Tehran.

5. The Deputy Ministers recommitted to further deepen cooperation in preparation for the 15th Joint Commission of Cooperation and proposed State Visit that will be hosted by the Republic of South Africa during November 2022. The exact dates will be agreed upon through diplomatic channels.

6. Whilst the Deputy Ministerial Working Group assessed and reviewed the progress achieved in the bilateral relations between the two countries, it also allowed for the identification of new potential areas of cooperation aimed at further strengthening political, economic and cultural cooperation.

7. The Deputy Ministers also exchanged views on global and regional developments, inter alia the progress on the revival of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), the Ukraine-Russia conflict, global terrorism, Human Rights, and the BRICS grouping.

8. The 11th Session of the Deputy Ministerial Working Group will be hosted by the Republic of South Africa. The exact date will be agreed upon through diplomatic channels.

9. The Republic of South Africa expressed its sincere appreciation to the Islamic Republic of Iran for the warm hospitality and the excellent arrangements in the hosting of the 10th Session of the Deputy Ministerial Working Group.

10. The Statement for the 10th Session of the Deputy Ministerial Working Group was concluded in Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran, on 23 May 2022, in English and Persian languages, both being equally authentic.

China
Source: brics2022.mfa.gov.cn

On 25 May, Assistant Minister and Spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Hua Chunying chaired the BRICS Foreign Ministry Spokespersons' Consultation. The consultation was attended by Spokesperson and Deputy Director-General of Public Diplomacy of the South African Department of International Relations and Cooperation Clayson Monyela, Special Press Adviser of the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Adriano Pucci, Spokesperson and Director of the Information and Press Department of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Maria Zakharova, and Director of the External Publicity and Public Diplomacy Division of the Indian Ministry of External Affairs Rajesh Uike.

The parties exchanged views on enhancing exchanges and cooperation in press-related work, and agreed that faced with growing uncertainties and instabilities in the international situation, BRICS countries, as a positive and constructive force for good, need to step up communication, coordination, solidarity and cooperation, and make BRICS voices heard more and louder. They agreed on the need to speak out louder against illegal unilateral sanctions, bloc confrontation, disinformation and double standards, and uphold true multilateralism, equity and justice. They agreed to work for bigger say and influence of BRICS in the international arena, better represent and safeguard the common interests of BRICS countries and the wider developing world, and play an even greater role in promoting world peace and development.

The parties agreed to cooperate closely in support of a successful 14th BRICS Summit hosted by China.

China
Source: brics2022.mfa.gov.cn

I.Theme of the 2022 BRICS Summit

Today, the world is undergoing momentous changes compounded by a pandemic unseen in a century. The global governance system and international landscape are evolving at an accelerated pace and the world economic recovery is fragile with widening gaps between the North and the South. As major emerging markets and developing countries, BRICS countries shoulder the historical mission of increasing the well-being of their peoples and promoting world peace and development.

The Chinese side is ready to work with all BRICS partners to take stock of the BRICS cooperation, build consensus and draw up a blueprint under the theme Foster High-quality BRICS Partnership, Usher in a New Era for Global Development. To foster high-quality BRICS partnership, concrete efforts need to be made in the following four areas: First, we should consolidate the three-wheel-driven cooperation covering economic, political and people-to-people exchanges, aiming for broader and deeper BRICS cooperation. Second, we should enhance political mutual trust and intensify communication and coordination on major international and regional issues to jointly meet common challenges faced by mankind. Third, we need to deepen practical cooperation in all fields, fully deliver on the outcomes of the previous Summits and ensure that concrete results are achieved. Fourth, we should actively carry out dialogue and cooperation with other emerging markets and developing countries as well as international organizations to broaden South-South cooperation for common development and prosperity.

To usher in a new era for global development, we need to focus on the following three aspects: First, we should promote multilateralism, strengthen macroeconomic policy coordination, work together to foster an open and innovative world economy, maintain steady and unimpeded industrial and supply chains, and boost world economic recovery, with a view to achieving stronger global development. Second, we need to actively build a green, low-carbon and circular economy, and stay fully committed to the full implementation of Paris Agreement based on the principle of 'Common But Differentiated Responsibilities', with a view to achieving greener global development. Third, we should work together to fight COVID-19 in solidarity, enhance cooperation on vaccines research, production and mutual recognition of standards, boost equitable and reasonable distribution of vaccines, and strengthen public health cooperation, with a view to achieving healthier global development.

China believes that, by fostering more comprehensive, closer, more practical and inclusive high-quality partnership, BRICS countries will help usher in a new era for stronger, greener and healthier global development while pursuing our own development. China will maintain close coordination and cooperation with all the other members during the 2022 BRICS Chairship and in preparation for the 14th BRICS Summit in particular to ensure its success and write a new chapter for BRICS cooperation.

II.Cooperation Priorities in 2022

Promote Multilateralism

Enhance Political and Security Cooperation

BRICS countries should further consolidate strategic partnership and continue to fully leverage mechanisms such as the Meeting of Ministers of Foreign Affairs/International Relations, the Meeting of National Security Advisers, and the meeting mechanism for BRICS permanent representatives to multilateral institutions, enhance coordination on major global and regional issues and deepen cooperation on counter terrorism, outer space, anti-drug, security in the use of ICTs, anti-corruption, anti-money laundering, countering the financing of terrorism, counter transnational crimes and so on.

Safeguard Fairness and Justice in International Affairs

It is important for BRICS countries to better coordinate our position within the United Nations and other multilateral frameworks, safeguard the UN-centered international system, and uphold the international order underpinned by international law and the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter.

Improve Global Economic Governance

It is imperative for BRICS countries to strengthen coordination within the frameworks of the G20, WTO, World Bank and IMF, make joint efforts to improve global economic governance system and rules, uphold the multilateral trading system with the WTO at its core, and promote the WTO reform in the right direction. BRICS countries should continue to push for the scheduled conclusion of the 16th General Quota Review of the International Monetary Fund to buttress the global financial safety net.

Work in Solidarity to Combat COVID-19

Strengthen Cooperation against COVID-19

BRICS countries need to strengthen cooperation on testing methods, therapeutic and the research, production and recognition of vaccines, facilitate an early launch of the BRICS Vaccine R&D Center in virtual format and host a seminar on vaccines cooperation in due course. We should work with the rest of the international community to uphold science-based approach for tracing COVID-19 origins and oppose politicization and stigmatization. We should translate the consensus that vaccines are a global public good into concrete actions, ensure their fair and equitable distribution as well as their accessibility and affordability in developing countries, and thus work together to close the immunization gap.

Strengthen Public Health Cooperation

BRICS countries need to harness relevant mechanisms, such as Health Ministers' Meeting and TB Research Network, and cooperate on policy dialogue, experience sharing and personnel training in the field of public health. Accelerate the establishment of BRICS Integrated Early Warning System for preventing mass infectious diseases risks and implement the Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the field of Regulation of Medical Products for Human Use, and strengthen cooperation in traditional medicine and digital health to better prevent and respond to future crises.

Improve Global Health Governance

BRICS countries should render our full support for the central coordinating role of the United Nations and the World Health Organization and improve the global disease prevention and control system in order to maintain global public health security. Under the framework of the UN and WHO, BRICS should support the improvement of global health governance, with the universal participation of all member states and on the basis of consensus, with a view to supporting developing countries in enhancing the capacity of public health services.

Boost World Economic Recovery

Strengthen Coordination on Macroeconomic Policies

BRICS should strengthen coordination on macroeconomic policies and multilateral cooperation, and urge major economies to adopt responsible fiscal and monetary policies, so as to avoid negative spillovers on developing countries and uphold sound operation of the international economic and financial system.

Foster an Open World Economy

BRICS should oppose unilateralism and protectionism, uphold the position of the multilateral trading regime as the main channel for international rules-setting, promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, maintain security and stability of industrial and supply chains, promote the orderly flow of resources and factors of production and push for an economic globalization that is more open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial for all.

Tap the Potentials for Innovation-driven Growth

BRICS should urge the international community to draw up rules based on extensive participation and broad-based consensus, foster an open, fair, just and non-discriminatory environment for innovation-driven development, and uphold shared interests and development space of EMDCs. We should seize the new development opportunities for digital economy, dovetail industrial policies, share experiences on reform and innovation, jointly promote deeper integration of digital technologies with the real economy, foster new industries, new forms, new models of business, and render each other support in accelerating the shift in growth drivers and economic transformation and upgrading.

Advance Efficient and Practical Cooperation

Trade Cooperation

It is important to give full play to the role of Trade Ministers' Meeting and CGETI Meeting with a view to better implementing the Strategy for BRICS Economic Partnership 2025 and deepening cooperation in digital economy, e-commerce, trade in services and MSMEs for connectivity of industrial and supply chains and a higher-level development of intra-BRICS trade and investment.

Financial and Monetary Cooperation

With New Development Bank's relocation to its permanent headquarters, BRICS countries should encourage NDB to continue its business operations in a steady way, expand its membership gradually and provide financial and intellectual support for member states. BRICS should attach importance to infrastructure, enhance experience exchange and knowledge sharing and encourage the participation of private sectors to boost high-quality development. BRICS should also strengthen the Contingent Reserve Arrangement（CRA）mechanism with the amendment of its Treaty and other document, and a new test run to enhance its operability. It is important for BRICS to promote the development of bond markets by establishing the BRICS Local Currency Bond Fund to enhance capabilities in responding to financial risks.

Industry

BRICS countries should advance Partnership on New Industrial Revolution (PartNIR) at a faster pace, promote PartNIR Innovation Center in Xiamen and BRICS Institution of Future Network, work together to set up a Center for Industrial Competences and explore prospects for start-up cooperation. China will host the Forum on the Development of Industrial Internet and Digital Manufacturing, an industrial innovation contest, forum on future network innovation and forum on digital BRICS to deepen cooperation in artificial intelligence, big data, block chain, industrial internet, industrial and supply chains as well as in green and low-carbon area.

Science and Technology

BRICS countries should implement the BRICS Action Plan on Innovation Cooperation for 2021-2024, build the Network of BRICS Technology Transfer Centers as soon as possible and encourage iBRICS Network to play a bigger role. It is also important for BRICS countries to carry out activities such as BRICS STI Joint Call on research projects and BRICS Young Scientists Forum and strengthen cooperation in flagship programs.

Education

BRICS countries should make full use of the BRICS Universities League and the BRICS Network University, promote exchanges and interactions between students and scholars and jointly cultivate high-level talents. It is important to establish a BRICS alliance for vocational education and hold vocational skills competitions to build a platform of cooperation between vocational education institutes and enterprises.

Anti-corruption

BRICS countries should cooperate in such areas as asset recovery, denial of safe havens for corrupt persons and identification of proceeds of corruption and enhance anti-corruption capacity building through various education and training programs.

Customs Cooperation

BRICS countries should further cooperation in joint enforcement, capacity building and administrative mutual assistance and conclude the BRICS Agreement on Cooperation and Mutual Administrative Assistance in Customs Matters at an early date.

In addition, we should leverage a variety of mechanisms including ministerial meetings in areas of labour and employment, disaster management, energy, youth, competition, and standardization, as well as the meeting of heads of tax authorities and the meeting of heads of intellectual property offices to deepen cooperation across the board for tangible outcomes.

Expedite Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Stay Committed to Development as a Priority

BRICS countries should put development front and centre on the global macro policy coordination, commit to the people-centered philosophy and start with solving the most pressing problems faced by developing countries to accelerate the implementation of 2030 Agenda. China will host the BRICS Forum on Big Data for Sustainable Development, which aims to strengthen exchanges and cooperation among our five countries on big data-informed policy making and implementation of the 2030 Agenda.

Support the United Nations in Playing an Overall Coordinating Role

BRICS countries should support the UN development system, specialized agencies, funds and programs in tapping their own advantages and increasing development resources to advance the international development cooperation. The UN High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development should play a key role in the follow-up and review of the 2030 Agenda, and support should be given to regular reviews of global implementation progress on sustainable development.

Deepen Global Development Partnership

BRICS countries should work towards a more equitable and balanced global development partnership for development with the North-South cooperation as the main channel. Developed countries should honor their Official Development Assistance（ODA）commitments on time and in full, scale up their support in terms of finance, technology and capacity building for developing countries, especially African countries, the least developed countries, small-island developing states and landlocked developing countries. Meanwhile, BRICS need to promote South-South cooperation to boost unity and prosperity of developing countries.

Promote Poverty Alleviation and Food Security

BRICS countries need to prioritize poverty alleviation in implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with a focus on prevention of relapses into poverty due to the pandemic, especially in developing countries. BRICS countries should foster pragmatic cooperation in food security, improve capacity in ensuring the supply of food and other key agricultural produce through enhanced Agriculture Information Exchange System. BRICS countries should seek further cooperation in such areas as agricultural trade and investment, agricultural carbon sequestration, digital agriculture and conservation of argo-biodiversity. In line with the BRICS Agriculture Action Plan for 2021-2024, China proposes to hold a seminar on BRICS rural development and poverty alleviation, explore setting up a rural development working group and signing the memorandum of understanding on cooperation in the field of food security to help achieve the goal of poverty alleviation and zero hunger.

Strengthen Global Climate and Environment Governance

BRICS countries need to work with the international community to stay committed to the full and effective implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Paris Agreement based on the principle of equity, Common But Differentiated Responsibilities and respective capabilities and according to the arrangement of Nationally Determined Contributions. China will host the BRICS High-level Meeting on Climate Change and the Environment Ministers Meeting to strengthen communication and coordination within BRICS countries, share expertise and technology for green and low-carbon transition. BRICS countries should put in place a BRICS space cooperation mechanism and release the application results of BRICS remote sensing satellite constellation as soon as possible to make contributions to BRICS countries' response to climate change, natural disasters and environmental pollution.

Strengthen People-To-People Exchanges

BRICS countries should make full use of mechanisms including the internet for cultural and people-to-people exchanges and cooperation, carry out colorful activities in such fields as film, media and governance, and promote exchanges and interactions between political parties, think tanks and civil society organizations. The Seminar on Governance, Forum on People-to-People and Cultural Exchanges will be held in due course and active support should be given to the alliance for green tourism. BRICS should leverage the BRICS Business Council, the BRICS Women Business Alliance and BRICS Business Forum to redouble efforts in strengthening business ties and promoting practical and fruitful relations amongst BRICS countries.

Make Institutional Improvements

BRICS cooperation needs to embrace changes and keep abreast with the times. We need to set clearer priorities in our wide-ranging cooperation, make our cooperation more results-oriented and ensure that its benefits are fully delivered. We need to adjust and improve the substance and modality of our cooperation on the basis of consensus to respond to the evolving circumstances and practical needs. Besides, we should reach out to more countries and international organizations through 'BRICS Plus' cooperation to keep broadening the BRICS 'circle of friends'.

China
Source: brics2022.mfa.gov.cn

The BRICS High-level Meeting on Climate Change was organized virtually by China on 13th May 2022. The meeting was chaired by Mr. HUANG Runqiu, Minister of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, and attended by Mr. XIE Zhenhua, China Special Envoy for Climate Change, Mr. ZHAO Yingmin, Vice Minister of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Mr. Joaquim Leite, Minister of the Environment of the Federative Republic of Brazil, Mr. Sergey Anoprienko, Deputy Minister of the Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation, Mr. Bhupender Yadav, Minister of the Environment, Forest and Climate Change & Labor and Employment of the Republic of India and Ms. Barbara Creecy, Minister of the Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment of the Republic of South Africa.

At the meeting, all Parties exchanged views and reached extensive consensus on issues, including accelerating low-carbon and climate resilient transition, promoting multilateral process, as well as strengthening solidarity and cooperation on climate change, etc.

The ministers adopted the Joint Statement issued at the BRICS High-level Meeting on Climate Change.

Representatives from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, National Development and Reform Commission, and Ministry of Ecology and Environment attended the meeting.

China
Source: www.ndb.int

On May 19, 2022, the New Development Bank (NDB) announced the launch of its Indian Regional Office (IRO) in Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City).

Working in close coordination with the NDB Headquarters, the Indian Regional Office will focus on project origination (including initial project preparation and technical assistance), pipeline development, project implementation and monitoring as well as regional portfolio management.

"The Indian Regional Office will be instrumental in enhancing NDB's engagement with borrowers and stakeholders. IRO expands our on-the-ground presence, contributing to preparing and implementing projects," said Mr. Marcos Troyjo, NDB President.

"Since its inception, NDB has built a robust and diversified portfolio of infrastructure and sustainable development projects. Our regional offices proved instrumental for ensuring successful portfolio growth. In this context, the Indian Regional Office is part of NDB's effort to increase the quality and complexity of its operations, creating a network of business and development opportunities."

The launch of the Bank's IRO aims to cater to infrastructure and sustainable development needs in India and Bangladesh, contributing to economic growth and sustainable development in South Asia, in line with the NDB's mandate.

The Bank is in the final stages of preparing for the physical opening of the office. NDB will soon announce the appointment of the Director General, India Regional Office.

Background information

New Development Bank was established with the purpose of mobilizing resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in BRICS and other emerging market economies and developing countries, complementing the efforts of multilateral and regional financial institutions for global growth and development.

NDB officially opened its Africa Regional Center (ARC) in Johannesburg in 2017. Americas Regional Office (ARO) in São Paulo with a sub-office in Brasília was established by the NDB in 2019. In 2020, NDB established the Eurasian Regional Centre (ERC) in Moscow. The NDB's global network of offices complemented by the India Regional Office, allows for an enhanced engagement with clients and a better understanding of local market conditions, thus stepping up NDB's capacity to gradually build a more sophisticated portfolio of projects.

The Agreement Between the New Development Bank and the Government of the Republic of India on the Hosting of the New Development Bank India Regional Office in the Republic of India was signed by Mr. Marcos Troyjo, the President of the New Development Bank and Mr. Tarun Bajaj, Secretary, Economic Affairs, Government of India on 11 December 2020.

China
Source: www.ndb.com

On May 19, 2022, the Board of Governors of the New Development Bank (NDB) approved the Bank's General Strategy for 2022–2026 entitled "Scaling Up Development Finance for a Sustainable Future." The General Strategy sets the course for NDB's evolution into a leading provider of solutions for infrastructure and sustainable development, for emerging market economies and developing countries.

The General Strategy seeks to elevate NDB to a higher standard of operational excellence and strengthen the Bank's development impact. To this end, the General Strategy targets enhancements in the Bank's capacity to mobilise resources at scale, finance diversified types of projects, employ sophisticated instruments, maximise impact, and continue building a robust institutional profile.

Reflecting NDB's primary aspirations for the 2022-2026 period, the General Strategy includes the following main targets for the Bank:

• Provide USD 30 billion in total volume of approved financing from its own balance sheet over 2022–2026;
• Extend 30% of total financing in local currencies over 2022–2026;
• Provide 30% of total financing to non-sovereign operations over 2022–2026;
• Co-finance 20% of projects (in numbers of projects) with partner MDBs over 2022–2026;
• Direct 40% of total approvals to projects contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation, including energy transition, over 2022–2026; and
• Increase female representation to 40% of professional and managerial staff by 2026.

The General Strategy provides a sharper focus and orientation to the Bank's work, while ensuring the effective delivery of its mandate. Within the broad spectrum of infrastructure and sustainable development, the Bank's operations during the 2022–2026 period will focus on, but not be limited to, the following areas: clean energy and energy efficiency, transport infrastructure, water and sanitation, environmental protection, social infrastructure, digital infrastructure. Projects that are climate-smart, disaster-resilient, technology-integrated and inclusive will be prioritised by NDB for financing.

Over the 2022–2026 strategy cycle, the Bank intends to deploy USD 30 billion from its balance sheet through loans, equity investments, and other tailored instruments. This will bring NDB's cumulative project approvals to around USD 60 billion by the end of the second strategy cycle.

"As the New Development Bank enters into the 2022–2026 strategy cycle, our mandate is more relevant than ever. We are fully committed to positioning it as a premier development bank for emerging economies. Our duty is to maximise development impact," said Mr. Marcos Troyjo, NDB President.

"Looking towards the future, we want to make sure that NDB is always enhancing the quality of its projects. We will focus on projects that can be catalytic in propelling sustainable development. Throughout this next strategy cycle, NDB will continue to pursue membership expansion in a gradual way, under the guidance of its Board of Governors," added Mr. Marcos Troyjo.

NDB's General Strategy for 2022–2026 will be uploaded separately to the NDB's website.



Background information

NDB was established with the purpose of mobilizing resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in BRICS and other emerging market economies and developing countries, complementing the efforts of multilateral and regional financial institutions for global growth and development.

The Bank's first five-year General Strategy, implemented over 2017–2021, laid the foundations for the early years of NDB's operations. Coming out of its first five-year strategy cycle, NDB has built a solid institutional profile, evidenced by its diversified portfolio of infrastructure and sustainable development projects and AA+ international credit ratings. The admission of the first four new members into the NDB in 2021 – Bangladesh, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, and Uruguay – heralded the beginning of the Bank's expansion as a global multilateral institution.

China
Source: www.ndb.int

On May 19, 2022, the New Development Bank Seventh Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors was held virtually. The theme of the Seventh Annual Meeting was "NDB: Optimising Development Impact."

The Annual Meeting was hosted by India and presided over by Mrs. Nirmala Sitharaman, Minister of Finance of the Republic of India, Chairperson of the NDB Board of Governors.

In his remarks at the Meeting, Mr. Marcos Troyjo, NDB President congratulated the Chairperson of the Board for her leadership and welcomed the representatives of new member countries.

He highlighted that 2022 is a special year for the Bank as it marks the 10th anniversary of the decision by the Leaders of the founding member countries to explore the feasibility of establishing a new development bank.

Mr. Marcos Troyjo added that "NDB is delivering on the vision of its founders and achieved the main targets of its first General Strategy."

NDB President also outlined the Bank's progress over the past year, including the expansion of its membership, moving to a new Headquarters building in Shanghai, as well as the main development outputs and outcomes of projects approved in 2021.

The Meeting highlighted that having laid the groundwork for executing on its mandate in the first five-year strategy cycle, NDB will focus the 2022–2026 cycle on maximising development impact, by enhancing its role in resource mobilisation to support an increasingly diversified portfolio of high-quality projects.

The Board of Governors approved NDB General Strategy for 2022–2026. The new five-year strategy sets the course for the Bank's evolution into a leading provider of solutions for infrastructure and sustainable development for emerging market economies and developing countries.

The Board of Governors agreed that NDB will expand its membership in a gradual and balanced manner, and continue to strive towards becoming a premier global multilateral development bank.

NDB announced the establishment of its India Regional Office, which is responsible for coordinating the work programme and leading the project origination and supervision of the project implementation.

The Board of Governors elected Mr. Kun Liu, Minister of Finance of the People's Republic of China, the Governor for China, as the next Chairperson of the Board of Governors, and Mr. Enoch Godongwana, Minister of Finance of the Republic of South Africa, the Governor for South Africa, as the next Vice-Chairperson of the Board of Governors.

The Board of Governors agreed that its Eighth Annual Meeting will be held in Shanghai, China.

The Board of Governors approved the 2021 Financial Accounts for the Ordinary Operations of the New Development Bank as well as the 2021 Financial Accounts of the Project Preparation Fund.

China
Source: www.ndb.int

On May 18, 2022, the Board of Directors (Board) of the New Development Bank (NDB) held its 35^th Meeting in a virtual format.

The Board was updated of the progress on NDB's membership expansion and discussed the way forward.

The Board took note of the preparation of the Bank's General Strategy: 2022-2026 submitted to the Board of Governors for approval.

An update on the progress with regard to launching the Indian Regional Office of the Bank was provided to the Board of Directors.

The Board also discussed key priorities for setting up the Independent Evaluation Office.

Background Information

New Development Bank was established with the purpose of mobilizing resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in BRICS and other emerging market economies and developing countries, complementing the efforts of multilateral and regional financial institutions for global growth and development.

China
Source: brics2022.mfa.gov.cn

On 26 May 2022, the BRICS Workshop on Anti-Corruption and Economic Development was held online by the National Commission of Supervision of China, bringing together over 60 participants from the governments, enterprises and academic community of BRICS countries and relevant international organizations.

The workshop discussions covered the topics of "Anti-Corruption in the Public Sector for Economic Development", "Business Integrity for Economic Development", and "Anti-Corruption Creates Clean Cultural Environment for Economic Development". The participants shared the same view that fighting corruption and upholding fairness and justice are conducive to sound and sustainable economic development. BRICS countries, at a similar stage of development, share the common task of combating corruption while developing the economy. BRICS countries will further strengthen mutual learning in anti-corruption and economic development, constantly improve cooperation mechanisms and contribute to global anti-corruption governance.

The workshop is a thematic event under China's presidency of the BRICS Anti-Corruption Working Group this year. The BRICS Anti-Corruption Working Group was established in 2015, as an important platform to implement the anti-corruption consensus reached by BRICS leaders and promote anti-corruption experience sharing and practical cooperation.

China
Source: brics2022.mfa.gov.cn

On May 25, the 1st meeting of the BRICS Joint Committee on Space Cooperation was successfully held virtually, marking the official establishment of the BRICS Joint Committee on Space Cooperation and opening the new chapter for joint observation and data sharing cooperation of BRICS Remote Sensing Satellite Constellation (RSSC). Mr. ZHANG Kejian, Administrator of the China National Space Administration (CNSA), served as the chairman of the Joint Committee this year. Mr. Carlos Augusto Teixeira de Moura, President of the Brazilian Space Agency (AEB), Mr. Dmitry Rogozin, Director General of the State Space Corporation "Roscosmos"(ROSCOSMOS), Mr. Somanath S. , Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, and Mr. Hendrik Burger, Representative of the South African National Space Agency, attended the meeting.

Mr. Zhang Kejian pointed out that the establishment of the Joint Committee will guide the cooperation of the BRICS RSSC to better serve the socio-economic development of the BRICS countries, promote the BRICS space authorities to develop higher levels in the fields of environmental protection, disaster prevention and mitigation, and address climate change to achieve efficient sharing and effective use of data, and make new contributions and provide new impetus to BRICS cooperation.



The space authorities of the five countries introduced the space activities carried out by each country in the past year and the implementation of the "Agreement on the cooperation of the BRICS remote sensing satellite constellation". The Terms of Reference for the BRICS Joint Committee on Space Cooperation, Technical Regulations for Data Exchange of the BRICS Remote Sensing Satellite Constellation, and Implementing Procedures of Joint Observation of the BRICS Remote Sensing Satellite Constellation are adopted by the Joint Committee, and reiterated that Cooperation on BRICS Remote Sensing Satellite Constellation is demonstrating an example for building a sustainable partnership in the field of space activities, which would effectively contribute to the sustainable development of the BRICS countries.

Members of the BRICS Remote Sensing Satellite Constellation Cooperation Working Group, representatives of diplomatic departments of all parties, representatives of space authorities and representatives of relevant enterprises attended the meeting.

China
Source: brics2022.mfa.gov.cn

As a constituent event of the BRICS Political Parties, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organisations Forum, the 14th BRICS Academic Forum was held via video link on 20 May. With "Cementing Intellectual Support for BRICS with the Focus on Common Development" as its theme, the forum was hosted by the China Council for BRICS Think Tank Cooperation (CCBTC). Speakers at the forum included, among others, Guo Yezhou, president of CCBTC and vice minister of the International Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Marco Cavalcanti, deputy president of the Institute for Applied Economic Research of Brazil, Vyacheslav Nikonov, chair of the Board of Russian National Committee on BRICS Research and first vice chairman of the State Duma International Affairs Committee, Samir Saran, president of Observer Research Foundation of India, and Sarah Mosoetsa, CEO of the National Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences and chairperson of South African BRICS Think Tank.

Guo Yezhou first briefed participants on the gist of a letter of congratulations from Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee and Chinese President to the BRICS Political Parties, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organisations Forum. Guo noted that common development represents not only the original aspiration and defining feature of BRICS cooperation, but also the responsibility and mission thereof. BRICS countries need to give priority to development and make every effort to promote stable recovery of the global economy; stay committed to common development and accelerate the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; and stick to innovation-driven development and build high-quality development partnership.

More than 60 experts and scholars from BRICS countries attended the online forum and exchanged views on issues relating to the topics of "Practicing True Multilateralism and Improving the Global Economic Governance System", "Deepening Pragmatic Cooperation and Implementing the Economic Partnership Strategy", "Promoting Development and Transformation, Enhancing Development Dynamics, Promoting Scientific and Technological Innovation and Building a Solid Foundation for Modernisation", "Building Digital BRICS and Realising Digital Transformation", and "Strengthening Manufacturing Capacity and Improving Industrialisation Level".

China
Source: brics2022.mfa.gov.cn

On May 24, 2022, Mr. Wang Lei, Rotating Chair of the BRICS Working Group on Security in the Use of ICTs (WGSICTs) and Coordinator for Cyber Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, chaired the 8th Meeting of the BRICS WGSICTs via video link. The meeting was attended by heads of delegations of other BRICS countries, including Mr. Marcelo Camara, Director of Department of Strategic Affairs, Defense, and Disarmament of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Brazil, Dr. Artur Lyukmanov, Deputy Director of Department of International Information Security of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Mrs. Muanpuii Saiawi, Joint Secretary (NEST & CD) of Ministry of External Affairs of India, and Dr. Irene Moetsana-Moeng, Head of National Communications of State Security Agency of South Africa. Representatives from competent authorities of BRICS countries were also present at the meeting.

During the meeting, representatives of BRICS countries had an in-depth exchange of views on the draft Progress Report on BRICS Roadmap of Practical Cooperation on Ensuring Security in the Use of ICTs, national ICTs security policies, strategies and legislation, capacity building efforts and cooperation in multilateral platforms. They were of the view that under the circumstances of major changes in the world and a pandemic both unseen in a century, risks and challenges in the realm of global ICTs security are on the rise. BRICS countries share broad common interests in ICTs security, and are expected to stand in solidarity, build consensus, and promote cooperation in this regard in an in-depth and practical manner. Guided by the Joint Statement issued at the BRICS Foreign Ministers Meeting, BRICS countries should work together towards a global governance system in cyberspace that is more inclusive, representative and democratic.

Representatives of BRICS countries spoke highly of the 8th Meeting of the WGSICT and commended the constructive role of the Chinese side. They are willing to take the adoption of the Progress Report on BRICS Roadmap of Practical Cooperation on Ensuring Security in the Use of ICTs as a great opportunity to summarize progress, plan on future cooperation, and take BRICS cooperation on ICTs security to a new level.

China
Source: brics2022.mfa.gov.cn

The Opening Ceremony of the Kick-off Stage was held hybrid/virtual in Xiamen. Mr. FANG Jun, Deputy Director General of the Department of International Cooperation and Exchanges, Ministry of Education of China, Mr. LIU Xinchang, Deputy Director General of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of China, and Mr. LIAO Huasheng, Vice Mayor of Xiamen Municipal People's Government attended and addressed. Over 600 guests, experts, referees and competitors from BRICS participating and about 2.1 million spectators watched the opening ceremony online.

Nearly 200 teams from BRICS competed in 3 skills including Web Application Development, Machine Learning and Big Data, and Rail Vehicle Technology at the Kick-off Stage. Before the competition, BRICS' experts, referees and coaches from TVET institutions jointly discussed the rules and standards of the competition, as well as the content and the online operational approaches to unify criteria, with the purpose of ensuring the competition goes with a swing. Based on the discussion, relevant training courses and an online training camp were shaped to guide the competitors to acknowledge to the procedures of the competition. Experts from BRICS made up the referee committee.

With the hybrid format of competing, the competition effectively switches the competition scene via the modern information technology, innovatively breaks the spacial and temporal barrier of international competition, providing an alternative for people-to-people cooperation and exchanges in pandemic and a new platform for the interaction between TVET institutions and companies in BRICS countries. Meanwhile, with the unification of criteria, a solid foundation can be formed for the unified BRICS skills certification system in the future.

China
Source: brics2022.mfa.gov.cn

On May 26, the 9th Meeting of BRICS Ministers of Education was held virtually. Minister of Education HUAI Jinpeng moderated and addressed the meeting. His counterparts from Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa attended the Meeting. Consensus was reached on the priorities of the future educational cooperation among BRICS and Declaration of the 9th Meeting of BRICS Ministers of Education was adopted as an important outcome of this meeting.

Huai indicated that, even in the sophisticated circumstance, under which profound changes unseen in a century intertwined with COVID-19 pandemic, many new progresses have been achieved with the guidance by BRICS leaders. Education is a vital part of BRICS cooperation. With great support from Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa, China has been successfully leading the role in establishing the BRICS TVET Cooperation Alliance and launching the 2022 BRICS Skills Competition, which are in response to Chinese President Xi Jinping's call at the XIV BRICS Summit. The educational cooperation has been invigorated among BRICS.

Huai pointed out that, education administrations of BRICS are expected to join hands to actively build up a tighter and more pragmatic partnership with higher quality. BRICS education administrations would contribute to build a community of shared future for mankind by providing "BRICS solution" to global education reform and development.

Huai introduced Chinese policies and best practices regarding 3 thematic topics of this meeting: 1) Enable education in the context of digital transformation; 2) Link industry, innovation and TVET; 3) Build a sustainable BRICS education future. The 5 ministers had an in-depth discussion on further deepening educational cooperation among BRICS and reached a broad consensus.

Attendees from BRICS appreciated Ministry of Education of China for organizing the meeting. BRICS ministers of education shared experiences and practices respectively, and agreed to uphold the BRICS spirit of openness, inclusiveness and win-win cooperation, explore more opportunities for educational cooperation, implement substantive collaborations, and enrich educational exchanges, so as to tackle with challenges in education and promote joint development of education in all BRICS countries.



Ahead of the meeting, the The Senior Officials Meeting of the 9th Meeting of BRICS Ministers of Education was held virtually on May 25. It recalled the progress of educational cooperation among BRICS countries and negotiated on the draft of Declaration of the 9th Meeting of BRICS Ministers of Education. Tian Xuejun, Vice Minister of Education, delivered a videoed opening remarks. He hoped that representatives from BRICS would strengthen collaboration and strive for the positive outcomes of the 9th Meeting of BRICS Ministers of Education.

China
Source: brics2022.mfa.gov.cn

2022 BRICS High-level Forum on Traditional Medicine was held online and offline in Beijing and Zhangzhou on May 11th, 2022. Officials and experts from traditional medicine authorities of BRICS countries discussed the theme of "To strengthen BRICS cooperation in traditional medicine, fight against COVID-19 together and contribute to the establishment of a global community of health for all" and unanimously approved the 2022 BRICS Online Initiative for Cooperation in Traditional Medicine. Yu Wenming, Commissioner of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM), China, Li Dejin, Vice Governor of Fujian Province, China, Sandra Barros, Vice Minister of Ministry of Health of Brazil, Pramod Pathak, Special Secretary of Ministry of AYUSH, India, and Sonin Oleg, Deputy Director of the Department for International Cooperation and Public Relations, Ministry of Health of Russia, delivered speeches at the opening ceremony, which was moderated by Qin Huaijin, Vice Commissioner of NATCM, China. Nearly 100 representatives of officials and experts in traditional medicine from BRICS countries attended the meeting.

Yu Wenming mentioned that since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been fully and deeply participated in the prevention and treatment of the epidemic in China, and the application of TCM and the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has significant treatment effect. From February 28 to March 2 this year, the World Health Organization held Expert Meeting on Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of COVID-19 and subsequently released the expert evaluation report. The report noted that TCM is safe and effective in the treatment of COVID-19 and recommended WHO member countries to learn from and promote this successful experience. He stated that this meeting will further lay the foundation for cooperation among BRICS countries in the field of traditional medicine, and will further promote the role of traditional medicine in improving global health governance, as well as the building of a community of common health for mankind and help realize the WHO vision of health for all.

Li Dejin said that the Government of Fujian Province attaches great importance to the development of traditional Chinese medicine, earnestly implement the spirit of Chinese President Xi Jinping's important speech on the cause of TCM. With the support of the NATCM, Fujian Province has made great progress in the cause of TCM. He expressed that holding this forum was an opportunity to promote exchanges in traditional medicine, enhance mutual trust, and strengthening cooperation among BRICS countries, so as to contribute wisdom and strength to building a community of common health for mankind. He suggested to give play to the important role of TCM, and build a global community of health for all; strengthen international cooperation and establish a favorable environment for cooperation in TCM; promote TCM transnational trade and improve the construction of an international standardization system for TCM.

Sandra Barros firstly congratulated China for successfully holding the 2022 BRICS High-level Forum and mentioned that the Ministry of Health of Brazil have always attached great importance to traditional medicine and given full play to its important role in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Brazil side hopes to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with BRICS countries in traditional medicine, work hand in hand to combat COVID-19 epidemic, and contribute to the development of traditional medicine and protect the life and health of people in all countries.

Pramod Pathak welcomed the participants on behalf of India, and stated that traditional medicine plays an important role in safeguarding human health. He said that the Ministry of AYUSH, India attaches importance to the development of global integrated medicine, and believed the cooperation platform and mechanism of BRICS countries can promote the long-term development of traditional medicine.

Sonin Oleg said that the release of 2022 BRICS Online Initiative for Cooperation in Traditional Medicine will definitely promote exchanges and cooperation among BRICS countries in traditional medicine and further implement a series of consensus reached at the 12th BRICS Health Ministers' Meeting. He also expressed his willingness to introduce effective practices and experience about folk medicine and traditional medicine in Russia to BRICS countries, carry out academic discussions and exchanges, and jointly promote the development of traditional medicine.

2022 BRICS Online Initiative for Cooperation in Traditional Medicine was jointly adopted by representatives of BRICS countries. The Initiative calls for joint research on preventing and treating serious infectious diseases such as COVID-19 with traditional medicine and leveraging the unique advantages of traditional medicine in fight against the pandemic so as to provide more reference and methods for traditional medicine to further participate in global pandemic prevention and control. BRICS countries will conduct extensive exchanges and cooperation in traditional medicine, education, scientific research and medicinal resources, establish a talent training and exchange mechanism among BRICS, and cultivate international talents of traditional medicine in various forms.

In the speech session of experts, Wang Jinzu, Mayor of the Government of Zhangzhou, China, Li Candong, President of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China, Zhang Boli, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering of China, and Huang Jinming, Senior Engineer and General Manager, Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China respectively delivered their speeches on two topics of BRICS cooperation on traditional medicine and the role of traditional medicine in fighting against COVID-19. Traditional medicine experts from India, South Africa, Brazil and Russia also carried out academic discussions and experience exchanges about the effect of traditional medicine in fighting the epidemic, and put forward their opinions and suggestions on strengthening the exchange and cooperation in the traditional medicine in the future.